Hi everyone!
This is a basic introduction to 1, 2 and 3 point perspective and ways to use these tricks in your drawings.
Don’t forget when you are an artist, you can do anything you like! You don’t have to follow rules, but you can use tricks like PERSPECTIVE to help you when you want.
I think you will find it really fun when you start to use it in your artwork and I’m sure your family and friends will think you are very clever!
First, let’s have a look at how powerful perspective drawing can be! The two blue trees in the drawing below, believe it or not, are the SAME SIZE ! Check it out! use a piece of paper as a marker to measure each tree from top to bottom!
Let me show you how this illusion trick works:
This is the power of perspective drawing – just a few lines can make such a difference. Maybe you would like to use this trick in your own drawing! Here are some step by step sheets to print out if you want to try it…
You might like to draw your tree shapes on thicker paper or light cardboard so that they are stronger. First draw one tree and cut it out. Lay it on your card and draw around it. Now carefully cut out your second tree just INSIDE the line that you drew, so that they will be the same size. Hold them one on top of the other to check. Colour them black or a strong colour.

A little blue tack will hold your trees in place and you can move them to see how they look in different places on your drawing.
Here is another picture to show you how perspective lines can trick your eye…Do you think the TWO SMALL MEN are the same size? No?
Well let’s check it and see…
Isn’t that incredible!
Here is an exercise for you to do. Draw a horizon line high on your sheet of paper, then draw a little house overlapping it. Be sure to make it very small. Then draw more houses, gradually getting bigger. When things get closer to you, they get closer to the bottom of the page, so make your biggest house right down near the bottom edge.
Next, let’s do the same with a drawing of Sammy the dog. He looks much closer to you when you draw him bigger and closer to the bottom of the page, doesn’t he?
Yes but something isn’t quite right. Can you see how Sammy doesn’t seem to be really ON the grass? He looks as though he is kind of floating doesn’t he? Well here is a trick to “anchor” him to the ground by putting a shadow under him – because that is what happens in nature.
Make the shadow darker where Sammy is closest to you at the bottom of the page and gradually make it lighter as he gets smaller and further away. This is a neat perspective trick and when people see that your drawings of things have a shadow, they will REALLY think they are real!
Wherever you go today, have a look at shadows everywhere and see what you can notice. The lower the sun is in the sky, the longer the shadow will be. The higher the sun is, the smaller the shadow becomes.
Now let’s look at the perspective illusion in the 3D chalk art by Pavement Artists such as Britain’s Julian Beever below… who knows all these tricks. He is so clever! Do you think he gets a backache?

Another wonderful pavement artist is called Edgar Mueller. Here is one of his creations…
Edgar Mueller Super Artist
Great Crevasse Edgar Mueller. Hard work: Together with up to five assistants,
Mueller painted all day long from sunrise to sunset. The picture appeared on the
East Pier in Dun Laoghaire, Ireland, as part of the town’s Festival of World Cultures
|

Isn’t that amazing? You feel as if you could fall into that hole don’t you? Can you see the joins between the pavers? That tells us it really is a flat surface doesn’t it? This trick is all based on understanding how this thing called “PERSPECTIVE” works. Would you like to learn about it? Yes?
OK – SO JUST HOW DOES IT WORK!!
Lets see if we can figure it out.
First, lets look at the most commonly used ”trick” for the eye – single point perspective. This is when the objects in a drawing become smaller towards one “vanishing point” to make them look further away.
Lets have a look at a train and a train track. The first thing to draw is the ‘horizon’ line because this tells us where your eyeline is. The closer to the bottom of your page you draw it, the closer to the ground your eyes are. If you are flying like a bird, the horizon will be high up on your page.

In this next one, the vanishing point is hiding off the page! Can you imagine where it might be?
Would you like to try drawing a box using a single vanishing point? It’s not too hard if you do it one step at a time. You will need paper, a pencil and a ruler. A clear triangle set- square you can see through would be great too if you have one (to help you draw level with the sides of your page). Here are the steps:
Supposing your box is the shape of buildings going away from you to a single vanishing point…well here is an exercise you might want to print out and copy. It will help you find the proper angles for the top a bottom of the house as well as the windows and door. You will need to put the vanishing point right over at the edge of the page this time to make room for the buildings.
Just remember that you need to make the windows get thinner and closer together as they get further away. Of course there are all kinds of buildings and rooftops so this is just a guide to start you off. If you draw your guide lines very lightly in pencil, you can rub them out later. Then your finished drawing will look REALLY COOL!
Next is a drawing with lots of things all going to one vanishing point. See how they look smaller and closer together as they get nearer to that point? It isn’t just the straight lines that do it, but the curvy lines as well!

Would you like to practise on this next page? My friend Laraine has drawn half of a window view looking onto a patio. She would like you to draw in the other half. You will need a ruler, pencil and eraser.
Here is a step by step guide to help you…

Attention teachers: Print out pages of the above steps are at end of this post.
Can you see how I have used PERSPECTIVE to help me in this next painting ? Look how far away the road seems to go!
In this next country scene, perspective is used in the bush track and the fence so that you feel you can ‘walk into the picture’. See how the fence posts are closer together the further away I want them to look? Hmm it looks like a nice place to be. Would you like to be there to give the horses a pat on the nose?
Sometimes it is hard to drawing something and imagine where the “vanishing point” would be. If that happens you can pretend the angle is coming from the centre of an old fashioned clock or watch – then say to yourself “What number would the clock hand be pointing to in that angle?” Can you see how you could use this trick to draw this book?

Yes that’s right, the main line of the book is a “4 o’clock angle”. Here is another example using a book…
How about we try it to work out what angle the roof is in this next picture…

What angle was that roof? Did you say an “8 o’clock angle”? If you said ‘yes’ you are right!
In some pictures there might be more than one vanishing point, like the corner of a building…

We call this “2 point perspective“.
Let’s try it using a box again, this time looking at the corner of the box. This is much harder to draw. Are you game enough to have a try? Notice that the up-and-down lines stay level with the sides of your paper and don’t go to a vanishing point. That is a BIG clue to getting it right.
How did you go with that? Was it really hard? I’m really proud of you for trying.
OK now are you ready for something different now?
So far we have looked at straight lines in perspective – but what about curves? Have a look at this chart…then hold a coin in your hand (or anything flat and round) flat in line with your eyelevel.
Slowly turn it away from you and watch what happens to that circle…it becomes more and more elliptical like an egg doesn’t it? That means the sides of the curves get more and more pointy and the circle becomes an oval…
Can you see how the top of the cup is not a circle from this angle? It is more of an oval isn’t it? When you can draw what you see instead of what you know, then you really drawing well – all you have to do is REALLY LOOK before you draw. The rest of the curves in the cup and the saucer follow almost the same as the top of the cup.
The same thing happens in nature – where the bend in a road or river, or the curve of a bay becomes more pointy or “elliptical” the closer to the ground you are in looking at it.
If you were a bird looking down and flying over, the curves would be much more round than if you were sitting on the ground looking at the same scene.

Now here is another trick or two to make things appear further away:
Things in the distance usually become lighter in tone, with bright colours kept to where things are ‘closer’ to you in the picture. This is because the mist in the air makes the colours softer the further away they are.
Can you see in this next picture how the details and colour in the far-away buildings is softer than the ones close to you? You can use this trick when you paint or colour in.
Another thing to realise is that as things become close to you they overlap what is behind them. Here is a landscape to show you what I mean. First the initial sketch…
Can you see how each thing coming towards you has another shape in front of it, covering up part of it? That is called overlapping.
Here is the finished painting. Can you still see how the overlapping works?
Now this next one is the really hard stuff!!! Are you ready?
So far we have looked at 1 and 2 point perspective + some other tricks to make things look either close to you or further away…but…
have you ever wondered how the cartoonists create the illusion of huge towering buildings or massive chasms? Well most of them use the illusion of 3 point perspective ! Yes, 3!
Have a look at these examples to see what I mean…
Wow – this is getting pretty tricky isn’t it? You might like to practise this if you draw cartoons – or if you become a brilliant pavement artist like Julian Beaver or Edgar Mueller.
ONE LAST EXERCISE NOW – and IT’S A FUN ONE!
How about trying to do a fun drawing of a Lolly Jar? You can choose from any of the pictures below – whichever angle you like.
The lolly jar has curves as well as straight lines, so it’s a little bit hard – but I think you can do it! Would you like to have a try?
Maybe you would like to do a print out to make it easier. Then you can put the page on the table beside you while you draw.
It’s going to be a lot of fun – especially when you draw your favourite lollies in the jar at the end and colour it in! Just pick one of the jars to copy and when you have finished, add the candies!

OK kids – that’s all for now. If you want to learn even more about perspective, there are lots of sites on the web including my other one http://www.artintegrity.wordpress.com which is full of free art lessons.
Happy arting! Julie
